|
History |
1900
7 May
Paul Kruger addresses the volksraad for the last time before being forced to travel on the Delagoa line to Machadodorp, where he lives on his train carriage
1900
11 September
Accompanied by his private secretary, Paul Kruger crosses the Komatipoort border
1900
19 October
Paul Kruger goes on board the Dutch cruiser, De Gelderland, that is diverted from sea by Queen Wilhelmina of Holland
1900
22 November
Paul Kruger reaches Marseilles and embarks on a voyage to create enthusiasm for the Boer cause, with some success. However, not one government does anything concrete for the Boers
1901
July
Paul Kruger's wife, Gezina Susanna Frederika Wilhelmina, dies in Pretoria
1902
An archives branch of the Department of the Colonial Secretary is established with the purpose of taking intellectual and physical control of the archival records of the former Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek
1902
May
A peace treaty is signed. Paul Kruger moves to Mentone, on the French Riviera
1903
Fietas, Johannesburg: 5 stands are transferred to Indians
1903
October
Paul Kruger moves to warmer climate of Mentone
1904
Fietas, Johannesburg: The ‘Coolie Location’ is struck by bubonic plague
1904 - 1907
Fietas, Johannesburg: 48 stands are transferred to Indians
1904 - 1934
Fietas, Johannesburg: Indians increasingly become stand-holders
1904
20 March
Fietas, Johannesburg: The mixed population is evacuated and the area burned to the ground
1904
24 May
Paul Kruger establishes himself in a villa at Clarens on lake Geneva
1904
July
Fietas, Johannesburg: Most of the evacuees start moving back into the urban centre, mostly into the ‘Malay Location’, one of the view areas for legal ‘non-white’ occupation
1904
14 July
Paul Kruger dies from cardiac failure, after a period of illness. He is buried next to his wife, Gezina Susanna Frederika Wilhelmina, in Pretoria
1909
5 September
Fietas, Johannesburg: Dr Yusuf Dadoo is born
1910
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Public Servants Superannuating Act and Teachers Pensions Act.
This furthers discrimination against Indians.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Immigrants Regulation Act of the Union of South Africa
The Immigrants Regulation Act of the Union of South Africa consolidates existing Immigration laws of the pre-Union colonies and excludes immigration of all persons to the Union considered unsuitable on economic grounds or on account of standard or habits of life. The Act as amended in 1913 and 1937 excludes all Immigration of Asians to South Africa, except that of wives and minor children of those already domiciled in the country.
1910
Public Servants Superannuating Act and Teachers Pensions Act. Discrimination against Indians.
South Africa Act, 1909 (Sections 26, 35, 44, 147 and 151) leaves anti-Indian and other discriminatory legislation against black groups intact.
The Immigrants Regulation Act of 1910 consolidates existing immigration laws of the pre-Union colonies and excludes immigration of all persons to the Union considered unsuitable on economic grounds or on account of standard or habits of life. The Act, as amended in 1913 and 1937, prohibits all immigration of Asians to South Africa, except that of wives and minor children of those already domiciled in the country.
Hermann Kallenbach gives Tolstoy Farm at Lawley for use of satyagrahi families.
1910
26 February
Mahatma Gandhi supports the African People's Organisation's resolution to declare the day of arrival of the Prince of Wales in South Africa as a day of mourning in protest against the South Africa Act's disenfranchisement of Indians, Coloureds and Africans in the upcoming Union of South Africa.
1910
31 May
Dr. Walter Rubusana (African) and Dr. Abdullah Abdurahman (Coloured) elected to Cape Provincial Council.
1911
Mines and Works Act (established `Color Bar' in employment).
Universal Races Congress in London (John Tengo Jabavu and Walter Rubusana present).
1911
Mines and Works Act No 12:
Permitted the granting of certificates of competency for a number of skilled mining occupations to whites and coloureds only.
Repealed by s 20 of the Mines and Works Amendment Act No 27 of 1956
1911
Albert Luthuli starts his education at the Groutville School
1911
3 January
The Government of India announces in the Viceroy's Council that emigration to Natal is prohibited with effect from 1 July.
1911
13 March
The Colonial-Born and Settlers Indian Association is formed at a meeting in Durban and has at its aim to fight the infamous £3 poll tax. R.N. Moodley of Pietermaritzburg is the chairman of the meeting and among those present are Lutchman Panday, A. Christopher, S.K. Pather, K.R. Nayanah and H.S.L. Polak.
1911
27 April
Indian passive resistance is suspended when Genl. J.C. Smuts enters into negotiations with Mahatma Gandhi.
1911
24 October
Pixley ka I. Seme proposed "Native Union"
1912 - 1934
112 stands are transferred to Indians. By 1934 the racial character of Pageview had changed a great deal by becoming racially mixed as a result of the unavailability of other legal, urban, ‘non-white’ living areas.
1912
Start of the publication of Abantu-Batho (The People), newspaper of the South African Native National Congress.
Afrikaaner Nationalist Party formed by General Hertzog - pledged to achieve republican independence for South Africa and a return to doctrines of apartheid.
1912
8 January
Chiefs, representatives of people's and church organisations, and other prominent individuals gathered in Bloemfontein and formed the African National Congress (then South African Native National Convention-SANNC). The ANC declared its aim to bring all Africans together as one people to defend their rights and freedoms.
1912
April
South African Races Congress formed under leadership of John Tengo Jabavu.
1912
18 May
SISULU: Walter Ulyate Max Sisulu is born in Engcobo District in the Transkei
1912
14 October
Gopal Krishna Gokhale meets Prime Minister, General Louis Botha; General J. C. Smuts (then Minister of Finance, Defence and Mines) and Abraham Fischer (Minister of the Interior.) Gokhale negotiates with the Union Government on behalf of South African Indians and obtains promises that are not kept.
1912
22 October
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, at invitation of Gandhi, arrives in South Africa on a 26-day tour. He also visits Tolstoy Farm.
1912 December
General J.B.M. Hertzog leaves Botha's cabinet.
1913
The Native Land Act formally divides land between black and white people.African women resist the imposition of residential passes, organising a passive resistance campaign that left many women jailed.
1913
African miners strike at Jagersfontein Diamond mine after one of their fellow-workers is kicked to death by a white overseer. White employees suppress the strike. 11 African mineworkers killed and 37 injured.
African women resist the imposition of residential passes by the OFS municipality, organising passive resistance and thereby forcing the municipality to rescind its measure. Many women jailed.
1913
The Land Act sets up the 'reserves' (later called 'bantustans' and 'homelands') and effectively zones Africans to 13% of the total land area of South Africa (though they form 80% of the population). They are prevented from buying land outside these areas. Property sizes inside the reserves are also restricted. As a result of this Act, the majority of Africans could no longer live as subsistence farmers. There was not enough land for everyone. Africans were forced to work for wages on white farms or in the mines or factories. A basic level of education assisted this employment. The South African Native National Congress (later the ANC) is formed to protest against this Act. (Many of its early members were mission school graduates.
1913
January
Tolstoy Farm is closed.
1913
14 March
In a judgement of the Cape Supreme Court, Mr. Justice Searle declares that marriages not celebrated according to Christian rites and/or not registered by the Registrar of Marriages, are invalid. All Moslem and Hindu marriages concluded according to traditional rites are therefore declared invalid.
1913
June
Natives Land Act :Emergency meeting of the South African Native National Congress Executive Committee to discuss Natives' Land Act.
1913
June
Anti-Indian Legislation: Immigrants Regulation Act (No 22 of 1913)
Persons not literate in a European language and undesirables, i.e. on economic grounds or on account of standards or habits of life, could be excluded from country. Minister of Interior classifies all Asiatic persons undesirable. Indian immigration stopped.
1913
June
The Immigrants Regulation Amendment Act, Act No. 22 of 1913, persons not literate in a European language and so-called undesirables (persons deemed undesirable on economic grounds or on account of standards or habits of life) could be excluded from country. The Minister of the Interior classifies all Asiatic persons undesirable and Indian immigration is halted indefinitely.
1913
19 June
Black Land Act No 27:
Prohibited blacks from owning or renting land outside designated reserves (approximately 7 per cent of land in the country).
Commenced: 19 June 1913
Repealed by s 1 of the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act No 108 of 1991.
1913
19 June
The Land Act, Act No 27, is passed. The Act confines Africans to hopelessly overcrowded reserves and deprives them of rights to purchase land outside the native reserves
1913
July
White miners' general strike on the Witwatersrand.
1913
September - November
Indian 'general strike' and passive resistance
1913
22 September
The first batch of Indian passive resisters, consisting of 12 men and 4 women (including Mrs. Kasturba Gandhi) are arrested at Volksrust and imprisoned in Pietermaritzburg.
1913
23 September
Women protests take place in the Free State, led by Charlotte Maxeke resisting government attempts to impose passes on women. Passes are burnt in front of the municipal offices.
1913
19 October
At a meeting of the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in Durban, NIC secretaries, M. C. Anglia and Dada Osman, severely criticise Mahatma Gandhi and tender their resignations. However, their resignations are not accepted and the meeting withdraws the NIC's support of the passive resistance campaign. In reaction, Gandhi and his supporters withdraw from the meeting and form a new body, the Natal Indian Association (NIA), at Parsee Rustomjee's house. The NIC would become defunct until its resuscitation in 1920.
1913
21 October
Transvaal women satyagrahis begin defiance activities, hawking without licenses in Vereeniging. They are not arrested. They cross the Natal border and encourage the miners in Newcastle to strike. Phoenix satyagrahis, including five women who cross the Natal/Transvaal border, are arrested and sent to prison in Pietermaritzburg.
1913
28 October
Albert Christopher, Ruben Joseph and three other Colonial-born Indians leave Durban to assist in the strike area.
1913
November
Lord Hardinge delivers a speech in Madras, India, in which he expresses sympathy with the Indian passive resistance struggle in South Africa.
1913
6 November
Great March led by MK Gandhi includes 127 women, 57 children and 2037 men
1913
18 December
The Indian Inquiry Commission, also known as the Solomon Commission, commences its sittings in Pretoria.
1914
An ANC delegation visits Britain to protest the Land Act.
1914
Having completed Standard Four, Albert Luthuli continues his education at Ohlange Institute – a boarding school – under Dr. John Dube, the founding President of the South African Native National Council
After only two terms at Ohlange, Albert Luthuli passes the end of year examinations and is transferred to a Methodist Institution at Edendale, near Pietermaritzburg
1914
January
General Strike of white workers called on the Witwatersrand. Martial law declared and strike leaders deported by General Smuts.
Nationalist Party formed under leadership of General Hertzog.
Riotous Assemblies and Criminal Law Amendment Act (directed against militant white trade unions).
Delegation of South African Native National Congress travels to Great Britain to protest Natives' Land Act.
Solomon Plaatje remains in England when other Congress delegates return.
1914
14 January
The Gandhi-Smuts Agreement is reached between Gen. J.C. Smuts and Mahatma Gandhi.
1914
20 January
The first group of Transvaal Indian women satyagrahis are released from Pietermaritzburg Prison after three months' imprisonment. Among them is Valliamma Moonsamy Moodaliar.
1914
27 January
A petition is written and submitted by the black and coloured women of the Orange Free State (OFS) against the carrying of passes by women.
1914
10 February - 11 February
In accordance with the understanding reached by General J.C. Smuts and Mahatma Gandhi on 14 January 1914, 60 passive resistance prisoners are released from the Pietermaritzburg Prison. In addition, 40 passive resisters are released in Durban, 8 in Newcastle and 11 in Port Elizabeth.
1914
22 February
Sixteen-year-old Valliamma Mudaliar dies of a fever contracted in prison.
1914
26 June
Anti-Indian Legislation: Indian Relief Act passed after a protracted period of Passive Resistance led by Gandhi, following the report of the Solomon Commission.
The Act abolished the £3 Poll tax, recognized marriages contracted in terms of traditional Hindu and Muslim rites, and facilitated the entry of wives into Union, but Indians still not allowed to own property in the two former republics (Transvaal & Orange Free State). Indians are not allowed to live in Orange Free State. Indian children of parents living in South Africa are allowed to immigrate.
Restrictions on trading not removed and Indians remain disenfranchised.
1914
26 June
After a protracted passive resistance campaign led by Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian Relief Act is passed following the report of the Solomon Commission. The Act abolishes the £3 poll tax, recognises marriages contracted in terms of traditional Indian (Muslim or Hindu) rites, and facilitates the entry into the Union of the wives of Indians already domiciled locally. However, Indians remain disenfranchised and are still not allowed to own property in the two former Boer Republics (Transvaal and the Orange Free State), or to live in the Orange Free State. Furthermore, restrictions on Indian trading remain in force.
1914
18 July
Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa for London.
1914
August
World War I begins.
Revolt by anti-war Afrikaner nationalists.
John Tengo Jabavu opposes Walter Rubusana in Cape Provincial elections.
1914
4 August
Britain, and automatically South Africa as part of the British Empire, declares war against Germany and so enters into the First World War. Mahatma Gandhi arrives in London
1915
The “anti-war” internationalist section in an effort to stand for all South Africans without any colour distinctions, founds the International Socialist League (ISL).
1915
The foundation of the International Socialist League, by the 'anti-war' internationalist section who broke away from the white Labour Party. It stood for full rights for all and socialism, embracing all South Africans without distinction of colour or class.
1915
21 December |
|
|
|
|
|
